[英语时态总结表格]英语时态过去完成时

2019-11-23 思维导图 阅读:

  过去完成时,表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”。今天CN人才小编为大家收集整理的是英语过去完成时的相关内容,希望大家喜欢,欢迎阅读参考。

英语时态过去完成时

  基本结构

  主语+had+过去分词(done)

  ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.

  ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.

  ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?

  肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.

  否定回答:No,主语+had not .

  ④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)

  ⑤被动语态:主语+had(not) +been+动词过去分词+其他.

  主要用法

  1、表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作。如:

  When the horse had finished the race, its sides were wet with foam. (这匹马结束比赛时,脊背被汗水湿透了。)

  I found your coat after you had left the house. (你离开房子之后,我发现了你的外衣。)

  2、表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如:

  Up to the sixties he had lived the life of a young man. (一直到60多岁,他还过着青年人的生活。)

  When he had stayed here for two or three days he began to feel at home. (他在这儿住了两三天,才觉得没有什么拘束。)

  标志性词语

  过去完成时常见的标志性时间状语主要有:

  1、by the end of+过去时间

  By the end of last year, we had solved more than 100 problems. (到去年年底,我们已经解决了100多个问题。)

  2、by the time+从句(动作发生在过去)

  By the time she left the city, she had used up all her savings. (到她离开这个城市的时候,她的存款已全部用完。)

  3、by (the time of)+过去时间

  He had taught maths for four years by last July. (到上个七月为止,他已经教了四年数学了。)

  4、before+过去时间

  He had never ridden a horse before last month. (到上个月以前他从来没有骑过马。)

  语法判定

  1.由时间状语来判定

  一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

  ① by + 过去的时间点。

  如:I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

  昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。

  ② by the end of + 过去的时间点。

  如:We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了二千多个英语单词。

  ③ before + 过去的时间点。

  如:They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

  在上星期三之前,他们已经种了六百棵树了。

  2.由“过去的过去”来判定

  过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

  ①宾语从句中

  当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。如在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。

  如:She said that she had seen the film before.

  她说她已经看过这部电影了。

  ②状语从句中

  在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。

  如:After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

  做完作业后,他上床睡觉了。

  注意:before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。

  如:After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

  他关上了门,离开了教室。

  ③表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

  如:We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

  我们原本希望你来,但你没有来。

  3. 根据上、下文来判定。

  如:I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

  我昨天在街上遇见了王滔。自从他去北京,我们都没有见过面。

  小试牛刀

  1. We _______ (paint) the house before we _______ (move) in.

  2. That rich old man ______(make) a will before he ______(die).

  3. They ______ (study) the map of the country before they _______(leave).

  4. The robbers ______(run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive).

  5. I ______(turn off) all the lights before I ______(go) to bed.

  6. Paul _______ (go) out with Jane after he _______(make) a phone call.

  7. Tom ______(say) he _______(read) the book twice.

  8. Our plan ______ (fail ) because we _______ (make) a bad mistake.

  9. When the chairman _______ (finish) speaking, he _______ (leave)the hall.

  10.The Reads _______(have) lunch when I _______(get) to their house.

  答案

  1. had painted ... moved

  2. had made ... died

  3. had studied … left

  4. had run away … arrived

  5. had turned off … went

  6. went … had made

  7. said … had read

  8 .failed … had made

  9. (had) finished … left

  10. were having/had had … got

[英语时态总结表格]英语时态过去完成时

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